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Why I am Pro-Choice by Emma Regan

27/6/2012

12 Comments

 
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As someone whose views on choice have changed dramatically in the past couple of years, I feel it is worthwhile sharing that process. I come from a Catholic background and grew up never thinking carefully about abortion but always with the vague notion that it was morally wrong. Since discovering feminism, I have had occasion to closely examine my beliefs. I came to understand that my previous anti-abortion stance had been dictated to me by the Church. This is the kind of religious brain-washing to which most of the Irish population has been subjected as a result of our non-secular education system. Now is the time to begin thinking for ourselves.


First, I want to clear up the deliberate confusion of terminology that so often hampers useful discussion of abortion. To say I am ‘pro-choice’ means that I believe a woman with an unexpected pregnancy should be given the power to choose how to proceed. I have no opinion on how she should proceed other than to say that it’s up to her to determine. I am not ‘pro-abortion’ because I don’t support abortion as the best option for women with unexpected pregnancies. Rather, I believe the option should be available for women to choose themselves, having been given impartial and supportive information.

Anyway, why am I pro-choice? Bodily autonomy is central to human rights. This is the idea that someone should not interfere with my body without my consent. What does consent mean in terms of bodies? It is my mental approval of a physical experience. For example, it makes the difference between rape and consensual sex. Consent obviously makes a lot of difference. This is because my mental and physical selves are inextricably linked. My mental processes are the precursors of my physical actions and corresponding experiences. My body is the tool through which I experience the world and this experience largely dictates my mental wellbeing. In particular, things that happen to my body without my consent and contrary to my will not only provoke acute mental stress but deny my right to control my own life. My bodily autonomy is central to my dignity as a human being.

Let’s talk about pregnancy and childbirth. These are serious bodily experiences. Pregnancy involves growing something inside of your body that can increase its weight by up to 25%. Your body must stretch and contort in order to accommodate it. Your body must divert part of the nutritional content of your food to nourish it. During pregnancy you will experience a range of symptoms which in any other circumstance would be considered a physical illness, morning sickness, aches and pains, bladder problems, raging hormones and a risk of serious complications. Childbirth itself involves extreme pain, possible risk of death and (unless you want to drastically decrease your chances of survival by giving birth unsupervised), trusting your wellbeing to the over-stretched Irish healthcare system and probably entering one of the maternity hospitals where some of the 1,500 Irish women suffered symphysiotomy over the past century (many of which are still overseen by Catholic religious institutes).

Women’s bodies will naturally go through pregnancy and childbirth once conception has taken place (unless they miscarry, which happens 15% of the time). In the same way, when a person develops a serious illness like cancer their bodies will naturally go to through a process of decay ending in their death. In the modern world, we don’t accept the natural outcome of the second process. If the person consents, we begin a series of interventions designed to prevent the natural process occurring. Why not give women this kind of opt-out for pregnancy?

The main objection I hear from the anti-choice side is concern for the rights of the fetus. Let’s use an even if argument, because though it’s pessimistic I doubt I’m going to change the minds of people who believe the fetus has a right to life. For the record, I disagree. In my view, the fetus is not yet a separate individual who can be granted rights and freedoms. It exists in a parasitic condition, dependent on the host’s body for everything. It would seem ludicrous to apply any of the other human rights we usually recognise to it because it can’t exercise them due to its dependency, like in the case of the right to freedom of movement, or its inability, like in the case of the right to freedom of speech. It seems nonsense to grant this dependent fetus, this potential life, an equal right to life to that of the pregnant woman, a real living, thinking human being. 

However, even if we did, the woman still has no obligation to go through pregnancy and childbirth to uphold such a right. In no other situation would we force one person to suffer through months of invasion of bodily autonomy, pain and health risks to protect another person’s right to life. 

I find the following thought experiment useful in clarifying this. Imagine one man, A, is chained to the ground and a giant boulder hung above him, by means of a rope which goes through a pulley, and the other end of which is held by a second man, B. If B continues to hold the rope he is in for nine months pain and health risks. After that he will be subjected to 24 hours of torture. After that he will be responsible for caring for the dependent A for the next 18 years. If B lets go of the rope he walks free, but A won’t make it. Surely, B would be considered a hero for holding onto the rope. But would we criminalise him for letting go? I don’t think so.

This example illustrates that abortion is a justifiable choice for the pregnant woman even if we believe the fetus has the right to life. Of course, I don’t believe it does. Unlike the chained man, the fetus is not a fully fledged human being with nerve endings to feel pain, a mind to appreciate its situation or friends and family who care about it. This is not to say that the fetus isn’t special or that in an ideal world it wouldn’t continue to develop and eventually become a fully fledged human being, but that process relies on a woman to consent to go through pregnancy and childbirth for it.

Why do women consent to that stuff?! They do it because they want to bring a child into the world. They choose to go through with the pain and suffering, the health risks and the responsibilities for the sake of creating new life. These women are heroes. We are all living, thinking human beings now thanks to such incredible women.

Yet heroism is not compulsory nor should it be. The refusal to provide abortion services to women who seek them means forcing the experiences of pregnancy and childbirth on women who do not consent. This is no different to refusing medical treatment to a cancer patient or criminalising a person for refusing to suffer pain and torture to save someone else. It can only be defined as a denial of bodily autonomy and consequently, as human rights abuse.

To return to a discussion of terminology, the term ‘pro-life’ seems to me to imply a regard for the sanctity of human life. This regard is certainly part of my pro-choice views. It is because human life is sacred that I refer to system of human rights which serve to uphold human dignity. And it is with a view to upholding this dignity that I object to the violation of these rights that is the denial of women’s right to choose. And that’s why I am pro-choice!
12 Comments
Em
27/6/2012 11:30:25 pm

Thanks for this. Just a quick note on nutrition. I read recently that the pregnant woman's body meets the woman's nutritional needs first, then, when those are satisfied, it nourishes the foetus. Makes sense: if the woman is malnourished, there's little chance of a healthy foetus being a well nourished newborn, and two lives are endangered. If the woman dies from malnutrition during pregnancy, the foetus dies too, and obviously a dead woman doesn't have another stab at reproduction. In evolutionary terms, it makes sense for the woman to be nourished first and have a good chance at passing on healthy genetic material. There is one exception. The only nutrient that the body will draw on at its own expense if necessary is calcium (from the woman's bones). Osteoporosis might shorten her life span, but she'll live to give birth and to see the baby through childhood, thus fulfilling that evolutionary function. In any case, at some point after implantation, a woman's body begins laying away extra calcium in preparation for the calcification of the foetus's bones. But, there is much more to life than evolutionary function. Still, our bodies prioritise our needs over those of a foetus.

I chose to get pregnant after many years of deliberation with my partner, and even I'm wondering if I made the right choice. I can't imagine how I'd feel if this pregnancy were unplanned. I definitely support a woman's right to chose, a woman's right to life. And I agree that anti-choice is really anti-life. That stance increases the likelihood that women die either through unsafe abortion, or life-threatening pregnancy complications that require therapeutic abortion, or through suicide at having to carry an unwanted pregnancy to term. Even though the woman's right to life has been asserted in Ireland, it is not yet backed up with legislation so ethics committees are too scared to make a call in the woman's favour. (And why should strangers on ethics committees determine a woman's fate?) Carrying a pregnancy to term, whether planned or unplanned, wanted or unwanted, is a decision to be made by the woman.

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mom of two
27/6/2012 11:49:42 pm

1. Man B did nothing to create the situation under which Man A was dependent on Man B for his life. When a woman has sex, a pregnancy may result. The baby that may be created in the process will be dependent on his/her MOTHER to sustain him/her in the womb, but that baby did not get their on his own.
2. You state that in the womb, the baby is not a human being with nerve endings, when in fact that is not the case. The baby inutero has peripheral nerve endings by eight weeks old.

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Lu
28/6/2012 01:33:17 am

Of course the fetus didn't get ask to be created but pregnancy may also occur as a result of incest, rape or failed contraception. But regardless of how the pregnancy occurred, the needs of the fetus do not trump the needs of the living breathing woman who is carrying it.

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Dee G
28/6/2012 03:37:47 am

Women don't have sex on their own?

And nerve endings are not developed until 24 weeks, with some arguing it at 20 weeks. Either way nobody really knows, I'm not sure you have a case on point two there.

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Lu
28/6/2012 02:38:56 am

It would be wonderful to see more articles like this one in national newspapers and the have matter debated publicly across the country. Like you, Emma, I thought for years that abortion was wrong, not because I had ever had a frank discussion with anyone about it, but because simply I adopted the mindset of the people around me without really considering it.
It wasn't until a few years ago that I sought out new information, and through facts and evidence my point of view shifted to pro-choice.I believe that many people in Ireland are anti-choice only by default because of lack of discussion and factual information. There are so many potential pro-choice supporters out there who only need to be shaken out of apathy.

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Bea
30/6/2012 07:32:46 am

'(unless you want to drastically decrease your chances of survival by giving birth unsupervised)'

'In the same way, when a person develops a serious illness like cancer their bodies will naturally go to through a process of decay ending in their death.'

I feel these comments and the article is flawed. Firstly, I am all for the individual being able to choose the outcome of their pregnancy, but I feel that articles like this aren't helping at all. If anything they are dwelling in the typical Catholic negative outlook that has been so ingrained in society.

The first comment is not true at all and the latest research consistently shows that natural childbirth not in a hospital, is the safest way for the Mother and so rarely ends in death like you have pessimistically stated above.

The second comment, to say that everyone who were to develop cancer will naturally die if untreated, is unfair too and a very hopeless way of looking at things. There are many people who have made turnarounds naturally from having cancer and have not had it 'ending in death'.

I know these are minor details of the article that I'm picking at but I can't help but feel that you haven't acknowledged at all any of the positive sides of pregnancy and birth and how mostly they are very healthy, rewarding processes for your body to go through.
Again I stress, in order not to be labelled immediately, I think abortion should be legal, but I find the way people are reacting to this debate nationally, on both sides of the argument, is really immature.
The Youth Defence images are obviously so offensive and upsetting, especially to women who may be pregnant, have just miscarried or had an abortion or contemplating one. (They in fact made me almost vomit when I was pregnant and walking past them on the street) But I also find some of the Pro-Choice banners and signs offensive too, I feel that some are almost belittling the process with some of the 'joke' signs and banners being made. Abortion is a huge ordeal for any woman to go through emotionally and physically, no matter how old the fetus is and I think some sensitivity and respect is needed from both sides.

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QoB
1/7/2012 11:44:55 pm

Good article in the main - your analogy is very close to the that of Judith Jarvis Thompson's dying violinist.

However, I do feel you are at risk of detracting from the central issue by describing the physical aspects of pregnancy and birth in such wholly negative terms: "extreme pain", "torture". That is not the case for all women who experience it, and as a feminist I'm sure you know that it's not on to speak for all women everywhere in this way. For example, a better analogy for the '24 hours of torture' might be: 'B will be forced to run a marathon of unknown length, which he may complete with no ill-effects but which may also cause exhaustion, temporary or permanent injury, or major surgery.'

Reply
Emma
2/7/2012 06:17:47 am

Hi, thanks for your comments.

First, let me say that the article is just my own opinion. Actually, it's my own experience of reasoning out whether or not abortion should be legal. The point of sharing this experience is that it may influence how others conduct their own reasoning and come to a position on the issue. As I said at the outset, I feel that many Irish people don't have a position on it or they have a position but not one they have personally thought through.

Second, the experience of pregnancy described in the article is a hypothetical 'worst case scenario'. Clearly, the experience of pregnancy is subjective. In order to form an opinion on whether abortion should be legal, it's necessary to consider a scenario in which a woman wants an abortion so that's what I did. I do believe that bodily autonomy is a fundamental human right, the denial of which can amount to torture. I think if you consider the article as a thought experiment about a worst case scenario pregnancy rather than as some sort of representative overview of pregnancy, it will make more sense.

Third, the details, in terms of giving birth unsupervised...it seems to me that you're referring to home births supervised by midwives. They're not unsupervised and (correct me if I'm wrong) I don't think it's possible for most women to take this route due to a)lack of midwives and b)complications which mean the woman has to go the hospital after all. In fact, giving birth with zero supervision does greatly decrease a woman's chances of survival. For example, in parts of the world where many women give birth unsupervised due to poverty there are high rates of maternal mortality due to obstetric fistula.
...in terms of the metaphor of cancer, I think it's obvious that I'm referring to the fact that in general, those who are diagnosed with the disease have the chance to receive some sort of treatment that will prolong their lives, just as in general, those who have an unwanted pregnancy could be given the chance to receive some sort of treatment that would end their pregnancy. The point is that we need to get beyond the idea that we shouldn't interfere with pregnancy or that it couldn't be that bad because it's a natural process.
...the woman brought the fetus into being by having sex. Yes, but maybe she was raped/experienced contraceptive failure. It's unreasonable to expect women to abstain from sex in order not to become pregnant. When we finally have reasonable sex education in Irish schools and better reproductive healthcare the number of unwanted pregnancies will decrease but there'll always be some.

Finally, until recently I have never read/heard anyone's thoughts on abortion. I think it's time to start thinking and speaking out. YD has done this through the billboard campaign, so it's up to those of us who are pro-choice to express our opinions and contribute to the debate however we can. I don't think this article is comparable to the YD billboards! YD attempt to speak for all women in stating that abortion will tear their lives apart in order to maintain a situation where women have no choice. On the other hand, I imagine a hypothetical worst case scenario pregnancy to make the point that every individual woman should have a choice.

Reply
just a quick note
17/7/2012 06:34:24 am

Emma, I am glad that you qualified your perspective with your additional piece. I think that it is good that you are initiating a discussion but that it was remiss of you not qualify your perspective in the first instance.

In my opinion, in your first section you were naively instrumental in propagating various dominant negative hegemonic narratives about child birth that are floating around society at the moment (which really does nothing for the pro-choice campaign).

I think that women should definitely have the right to decide the outcome of their pregnancy and I think that abortion should be an option in Ireland. However, I think both sides of the debate would benefit greatly from reflecting critically on their respective positions within current society and within a historical perspective, so as to become aware of the possible effects of neoliberalism (extreme individualism) and capitalism could be having on the issue of abortion. I believe that it is important to consider locating the idea of choice within an appreciation for life; neither of which are neccessarily, conversely related to one another.

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